Dont Overload the Bridge

Dont Overload the Bridge Dont Overload the Bridge Dont Overload the Bridge By Michael Every good writer is burning to say something, and fiction writers are no exception. Though their job is to tell a story well, they often have a message they want to get across too. Many seasoned fiction writers would say, Dont do it! Concentrate on your story. Let your characters do what comes naturally to them, and dont turn them into puppets for your beliefs. I try to take that advice, but I cant always do it. The message is often what excites me about writing the story. If youre thinking about how to squeeze your message into your story, imagine a ravine. A deep, flooding ravine. You have to get your readers across it. So, you build a bridge. You create believable settings and characters, and let them do believable things. You look at your story, and ask others to look at your story, with the question, Does this ring true? Then, you load up your readers into a bus to drive them across the bridge. Oh, and you also load up your message, your cargo, into the storage area under the bus. Will your bridge stand the strain? Have you built it strong enough and sturdy enough to hold up under the weight of your profound message to the world? Will the bus make it over without crashing through? If not, build the bridge again. Dont let your readers try to cross it until youve made it ready for them. The heavier the message, the stronger the story has to be. The characters need to be so believable, the plot so engrossing, that your readers wont worry that the cargo youve stashed underneath their feet is going to put them into the bottom of the ravine. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Farther vs. Further15 Words for Household Rooms, and Their Synonyms90 Verbs Starting with â€Å"Ex-†

Overview of Amphicoelias

Overview of Amphicoelias Amphicoelias is a case study in the confusion and competitiveness of paleontologists in the late 19th century. The first named species of this sauropod dinosaur is easy to address; judging by its scattered fossil remains, Amphicoelias altus was an 80-foot-long, 50-ton plant eater very similar in build and behavior to the more famous Diplodocus (in fact, some experts believe Amphicoelias altus really was a species of Diplodocus; since the name Amphicoelias was coined first, this may one day occasion a historic renaming of this dinosaur similar to the day when Brontosaurus officially became Apatosaurus). Name: Amphicoelias (Greek for double hollow); pronounced AM-fih-SEAL-ee-us Habitat: Woodlands of North America Historical Period: Late Jurassic (150 million years ago) Size and Weight: Up to 200 feet long and 125 tons, but more likely 80 feet long and 50 tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Enormous size; quadrupedal posture; long neck and tail The confusion and competitiveness pertain to the second named species of Amphicoelias, Amphicoelias fragilis. This dinosaur is represented in the fossil record by a single vertebra measuring five by nine feet long, truly enormous proportions that correspond to a sauropod measuring about 200 feet from head to tail and weighing over 125 tons. Or rather, one should say that Amphicoelias fragilis WAS represented in the fossil record since this gigantic bone subsequently disappeared off the face of the earth while under the care of the famous paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope. (At the time, Cope was embroiled in the notorious Bone Wars with his arch-rival Othniel C. Marsh, and may not have been paying attention to detail.) So was Amphicoelias fragilis the biggest dinosaur that ever lived, heftier even than the current record-holder, Argentinosaurus? Not everyone is convinced, especially since we no longer have that all-important backbone to examineand the possibility remains that Cope slightly (or greatly) exaggerated his discovery, or perhaps made a typographical error in his papers under the pressure of constant, long-distance scrutiny by Marsh and others in his antagonistic camp. Like another supposedly enormous sauropod, Bruhathkayosaurus, A. fragilis is only provisionally the world-champion dinosaur heavyweight, pending the discovery of more convincing fossil evidence.

Resaerch Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Resaerch - Research Paper Example The 20 factors include instructions to the worker, training, integration with the business; control of assistants, continuing relationship, the set of hours a worker is required to work and the requirement of full time. The performance of the work on the employer’s premises, sequence or order of work, the requirement of reports, mode of payment including expenses, provision of tools and equipment, the level of investment and realization of profits and losses are also included in the 20 factor test. Additionally, the ability to work for more than one entity, the provision of services to the general public as well as the right to discharge and terminate the relationship also assist in the distinction (Steingold 68). A lawyer, for example, does not have to comply with instructions from the employer about where to work and how the work is to be done. The training of a lawyer is not conducted by the employer, but undertaken as a personal initiative. The services of a lawyer are not integrated into the employers business and these services are not necessarily rendered by the lawyer and can be delegated to another individual. The employment, supervision and remuneration of assistants employed by the lawyers are not controlled by the employer but by the lawyer. There is no continuing relationship between a lawyer and the employer and neither are there set working hours nor the requirement to work full time. The location of work is also the choice of the lawyer so is the order of the work to be done. The lawyer is not required to provide reports to the employer and payment is not done periodically, but rather on the terms of the contract. A lawyer can also work for more than one individual and can pro vide his or her services to the general public. A lawyer cannot be dismissed on other issues except nonperformance and where the lawyer decides to terminate the relationship at any time before the performance he is likely to incur a liability. According

Develop business aptitude skills including communication, Assignment

Develop business aptitude skills including communication, presentation, and leadership abilities - Assignment Example However, the client wonder if another software making company comes out with more efficient and software product that can prove to deliver cut throat competition for the client. Furthermore, the client is extremely concerned that the competitors may develop software or application capable to test the cell phone signal strengths provided by different carriers such as AT & T Sprint and Verizon among others in specific building sites. The client fears that this application which might be developed by the competitors could be efficient enough to determine the need for rooftop antenna and signal re-amplification for the workers inside the building to receive calls in their cell phones. Contextually, the primary problem anticipated by the client is the threat from the competitors in terms of product imitation and innovation that might reduce the market competiveness of the client’s software. It is also feared that the competitors’ application may render more efficient service s to customers which may ultimately reduce the demand for the client’s product. However, the above identified problem can be well rationalized as opportunities for growth for the client, as it will give him the opportunity to compete with his/her rivals with constant innovations in terms of technologies. Q2: Formalize Four Objectives for the Project Based on the level of threats and the problematic issues that are drawn by the client, the primary objectives of the project were to advise him to effectively to manage and deal with these challenges in order to remain competitive at the marketplace. These objectives were also directed towards increasing the competency level and revenue generating capability for the client’s product. The four broad objectives of the project are revealed below. Firstly, the project intended to suggest the effective marketing plan including role of promotion in demand creation to client in order to attract large base of customers towards his/ her software product Secondly, the project aim at emphasizing the importance of monitoring the performance and the marketing activities of competitors for the client in order to outpace the competitors Thirdly, the project envisioned to identify and acquaint the client with the importance of continuous innovation in the technology oriented business Lastly, the project aimed at assisting client with the ways of increasing revenue and market reach (Wickham & Wickham, 2008). Q3: Consider What Problems Might Emerge in Reconciling the Client’s Objectives with Your Own as A Consulting Team From the perspective of a consulting team, there are various issues that may arise while making efforts for accomplishing such broad objectives. It can be affirmed that the accomplishment of these objectives requires considerable planning and effective execution. Accordingly, there may arise numerous issues relating to development of a market plan and involving various marketing and advertisement activities. Contextually, it can be admitted that for carrying out these activities the client may require to make considerable investment. Also, it will prove to be a problematic for the client to monitor the performances and various activities that are undertaken by the competitors. Correspondingly, this will require the client to gather considerable data regarding the competitors which may be time consuming and cumbersome tasks (Pfeffer, 1995). Additionally, creating a competitive

Health and Safety Essay Example for Free

Health and Safety Essay The health and safety act consists of various principles, these are implemented to ensure employees are safe whilst at work, this doesnt just apply those those who are employed by a company it applies to any one who enters the building including professional bodies I.e district nurses, And general practitioners the legislation is made up of COSHH,RIDDOR,The manual handling operations regulations, the health and safety first aid regulations and management of health and safety at work regulations, I will identify and write a brief description on how these legislations relate to my job role and work environment. *Reporting any incidents or occurrences puts a duty on an employer o report serious workplace accidents ,occupational diseases and any near misses* this comes under RIDDOR, reporting of injuries,diseases and dangerous occurrences regulations 1995 ( amended 2008 ),it is a legal requirement to report any accidents and occournences. In my work setting if and accident or dangerous occournence,for example a trip slip or fall, I will report this an accident report book no matter how minor. It is a legal requirement for my employer to have this procedure in place to keep a record of accidents and occournences, and my work establishment complies with wi the requirements of the DATA PROTECTION ACT 1988, by having tear o out pages that are filed and not accessible to unauthorised persons. Another regulation is the *health and safety first aid regulation1981* And in the event of injury or sudden illness failier to provide the correct practice could have fatal results.The health and safety first aid regulations require that an employer provide correct equipment, facilities and personnel to ensure their employees or clients, receive immediate attention if they are taken ill or injured at work the regulation applies to all work settings including mine,adequate provisions will consist of first aid boxes, and first aid rooms at my work setting their is always a trained first aider on site including nightshifts. The COSHH legislation is put in place,this ensures the employer does a risk assessment on any any substance hazardous to health I.e medication,cleaning products and many more, if not used correctly the employer will asses the risks and make a decision on what precautions will be needed to ensure a safety.Relating to my work setting medication is COSHH issue. And only a senior carer who has had full medication training and has been assessed and found to be compitant can administer medication.medication is stored in a trolly which is then stored in a medication cupboard which is locked at all times unless in use and is only accessible to authorised users, again my seniro will have completed a risk assessment for this situation to ensure the correct action is taken and the health and safety is correct and all employees are informed on the situation I follow my work establishments policies and procedures the policies and procedures folder can be found in the nurses station and an additional copy in the mangers office, their are a number of different policies that are to be followed some of which include ââ€" ªCare of dying policy ââ€" ªEqual opportunities policy ââ€" ªLocking door in home policy ââ€" ªEvacuation of the home policy The folder consists of 422 policys and is required that once the policy has been read and understood e employees or manager are required to date and sign. Whilst at work I ensure that I support others to understand and follow safe and good hygenie practices i.e frequent hand washing and glove changes.i also ensure that myself and others are were correct ppe, and use the equipment required, and also risk asses any situation I may be in. I also monitor and report potentiometers health and safety risks by checking all equipment prior to use for e.g hoist slings and wheelchairs.if I find any problems or concerns I will report this to my manager and make sure all staff are aware that it is out of use, however something minor I.e a dirty wheelchair or frame is something I can take care of myself and ensure it is cleaned correctly. Risk assessments are put in place to ensure the safety of an individuals needs , these assessments vary as different people have different needs these asesments can range from mobility to mental capacity, eating and drinking to personal care. In my work setting their are clients who need help with their personal care, and their others who only need assistance with bathing or showering and can do their own personal care. Prior to arrival to my home a client will have been assessed by a senior Carer, and the information will be put into a care plan which I and my colleagues will then read so we no all information about a client. I practice minimising potential risks by following all of my work place policies and procedures and carrying out and using risk asesments, wearing correct ppe at all times and practicing good hand hygiene and making sure the work place is always clean and tidy and their are no hazardous substances accessible to clients I also practice minimising risks by making sure the building is secure by closing doors and keeping external doors locked. There are many different accidents that may occour in a home some of which are trips,slips and falls from wet or worn carpets, dioreah or vomit etc In the event of someone falling in the work setting different procedures will take. Place, for example if a staff member falls they may get up and feel fine it is essential that it is documented in the accident report book, on the other hand if a client falls carers will not move them until professional help has arrived the client will be made to feel comfortable and depending on e situation may be put into he recovery persition,this again will be documented into the accident report book. I support colleagues to follow practices that reduce the spread of infection by ensuring that we always where correct ppe, and practice good hand hygiene and using alcohol rubs but not as an equivalent to hand washing. I also support by ensuring my colleague and I dispose of hazardous substances in the correct way. Ways that I ensure my own health and hygenie do no pose a risk to others I always have clean uniform when attending work, to ensure I do not bring any airborn viruses I.e MRSA I also notify my manger if I pick up and virus like DV and will not return to work until I am clear of the virus for 48 hours on arrival back to work I will fill in a return to work form. The manual handlings operations 1992 regulations, requires employers to avoid all manual handling where their is risk of injury.the legislation also states that a risk assessment must take place and followed correctly to minimise any potential risks. If I want any additional support or information I ask my manager, senior carers, or fellow colleagues. I can also access any information I am not sure about in my policies and procedures folder. At my work establishment their are two folders in the nurses station that are acessable to any staff member that are unsure on a certain subject some of these are ââ€" ªMeeting clients nutritional needs ââ€" ªCleanliness and infection control These folders are built up of useful information and policies that are relevant to each subject. Ways in which I help practice to prevent fires from starting and spreading , are ensuring that I know my work setting fire safety policy attend all fire safety training,I also make that I make sure that I know where my fire assembly point is. I also make sure that there are no waste paper baskets overflowing or anything else that could help a fire to spread or start, my working setting also had a no smoking policy,so I also ensure I smoke in the designated smoking are.if a fire was to start , emergency services would be contacted and the building evacuated , and go straight to the fire assembly point.i also ask any visitors to sign in and out and tell them were the fire safety point is. The signing in book will determined how Many people are in the building on arival of the emergency services. Procedures are as followed at my work establishment and many others ââ€" ªNever let any one in the building in without signing in.and professional bodies will have Id on show always check is ââ€" ªIf I am unsure about a persons identity for e.g a visitor depending on the mental capacity of the person, ask if this person remembers this visitor if this is not possible phone a next of Kin. Personal information is vital in my work setting, all residents Care plans inlcude daily food and fluid intake, mental capacity and all relevant information on an individual is kept in folders in a locked cupboard that is not accessible to any unauthorised persons. I protect y,mown security and of others by making sure I have the correct ppe on at all times and do not have any jewerly on whilst at work, and make sure all external doors are shut, and gates at the top and bottom of stairs are shut and locked. I also ensure others no of my whereabouts whilst at work, to ensure that a fellow carer is their to support the floor, even if I am assisting someone to go the toilet I make someone aware I am of the floor. Comon signs of stress can be very easy to spot some of these include ââ€" ªadgitation ââ€" ªBeing emotional and short tempered ââ€" ªNot completing jobs properly ââ€" ªWeight loss or weight gain ââ€" ªSmoking more ââ€" ªAlcohol binging My self indication for stress is ââ€" ªConstant worrying ââ€" ªWeight gain ââ€" ªBeing over emotional and snappy ââ€" ªFeeling very low and under the weather My own stress levels are triggered by unstructured situations, e.g understaffing at work have caused me to feel stressed and when I am unsure of a situation cause me to feel slightly stressed. My strategies for managing my own stress levels are having a written plan of what My main tasks are that shift, for e.g a morning shift my main task is to ensure all residents and clean and have eaten by. Reasonable time. Some may find it easier to take it task as it comes how ever I would rather focus on the main tasks and making sure these are completed correctly.

Nicholas Nickleby by Charles Dickens Essay -- Nicholas Nickleby Charle

Nicholas Nickleby by Charles Dickens Chapter 13 effectively encourages the reader to resent Squeers and see him as the villain, whereas Nicholas is portrayed as the hero and Smike and the other bays are lavished with sympathetic feelings. The chapter starts with a depressing description of the boys sleeping conditions, Dickens uses words like: feeble, ragged, and dull, to describe it, this powerful description makes the reader feel-strengthening hatred toward Squeers. Squeers is the headmaster at the boarding school "Dotheboys Hall"where Nicholas was sent to work by his uncle after his father's death. His father had only a small amount of money so he left it to his brother, and trusted him to look after his family, consisting of Nicholas's mother and Sister Kate. Nicholas's uncle is a hard remorseless man and sends Nicholas and his sister to work to earn their keep. The family are moved into a small dirty flat and given little money to live on. During Nicholas's time at Dotheboys Hall, he meets one of the boys "Smike" and befriends him. Smike has no parents to speak of so he is kept on as a servant to the family. Nearing the end of the chapter Nicholas inspires Smike to run away, unfortunately he is caught, resulting in the chapters climax. Squeers is about to beat Smike but then Nicholas steps in and following a fight, they make off together. Throughout the chapter Dickens enhances the reader's negative feelings towards Squeers. Dickens use of verbs to describe Squeers's actions ads, a greater depth to his character, using words like retorted, bounced and feasted. These words show the rage in Squeers's character, and the way he goes about daily life, they give the reader a sense of his disrespect... ...can be hard going to read Dickens's work, his highly expressive and intricate style of writing, can become incredibly engaging to the reader, as it does to me. You become almost used to it after a while .This stile gives the reader a sense of emotional involvement with the characters in the book. It makes the reader more in touch with the characters moods and personalities, giving the book a better dramatic influence on the reader. A favourite quotation: "`Which no doubt you would have been devilish sorry to do,' said Squeers in a taunting fashion." This line sums up Squeers's character as, the conniving villain that he undoubtedly is, but when said out loud in the proper style, this quotation can start a passion to read more writing in this style and explore the character from whose lips those word were said, rejoined, retorted, demanded, or even sneered.

Night World : Secret Vampire Chapter 10

Things have to be right,† Poppy said. â€Å"Things have to be just right for this. Get some candles, Phil.† Phil was looking ashen and haggard. â€Å"Candles?† â€Å"As many as you can find. And some pillows. I need lots of pillows.† She knelt by the stereo to examine a haphazard pile of CDs. Phil stared at herbriefly, then went out. † Structures from Silence . . .no. Too repetitious,†Poppy said, rummaging through the pile.† Deep Forest-no.Too hyper. I need somethingambient.† â€Å"How about this?† James picked a CD up. Poppylooked at the label. Music to Disappear In. Of course. It was perfect. Poppy took the CD andmet James's gaze. Usually he referred to the hauntingsoft strains of ambient music as ‘New Age mush.' â€Å"You understand,† she said quietly. â€Å"Yes. But you're not dying, Poppy. This isn't adeath scene you're setting up.† â€Å"But I'm going away. I'm changing.† Poppy couldn't explain exactly, but something in her saidshe was doing the right thing. She was dying to her old life. It was a solemn occasion, a Passage. And of course, although neither of them mentioned it, they both knew shemightdie for good.James had been very frank about that-some peopledidn't make it through the transition. Phil came back with candles, Christmas candles,emergency candles, scented votive candles. Poppy directed him to place them around the room and lightthem. She herself went to the bathroom to change into her best nightgown. It was flannel, with a pattern of little strawberries. Just imagine, she thought as she left the bathroom.This is the last time I'll ever walk down this hall, thelast time I'll push open my bedroom door. The bedroom was beautiful. The soft glow of candlelight gave it an aura of sanctity, of mystery. Themusic was unearthly and sweet, and Poppy felt shecould fall into it forever, the way she fe!l in herdreams. Poppy opened the closet and used a hanger to bata tawny stuffed lion and a floppy gray Eeyore down from the top shelf. She took them to her bed and put them beside the mounded pillows. Maybe it wasstupid, maybe it was childish, but she wanted themwith her. She sat on the bed and looked at James and Phillip. They were both looking at her. Phil was dearly upset,touching his mouth to stop its trembling. James wasupset, too, although only someone who knew him aswell as Poppy did would have been able to tell. â€Å"It's all right,† Poppy told them. â€Å"Don't you see?I'mall right, so there's no excuse for you not to be.† And the strange thing was, it was the truth. Shewas all right. She felt calm and clear now, as if everything had become very simple. She saw the road ahead of her, and all she had to do was follow it, step by step. Phil came over to squeeze her hand. â€Å"How does this how does this work?† he asked James huskily. â€Å"First we'll exchange blood,† James said-speaking to Poppy. Looking only at her. â€Å"It doesn't haveto be a lot; you're right on the border ofchangingalready. Then the two kinds of blood fight it outsort of the last battle, if you see what I mean.† He smiled faintly and painfully, and Poppy nodded. â€Å"While that's happening you'll feel weaker andweaker. And then you'll just go to sleep. Thechange happens while you're asleep.† â€Å"And when do I wake up?† Poppy asked. â€Å"I'll give you a kind of posthypnotic suggestion about that. Tell you to wake up whenI come to getyou. Don't worry about it; I've got all the detailsfigured out. All you need to do is rest.† Phil was running nervous hands through his hair,as if he was just now thinking about what kind ofdetails he and James were going to have to deal with. â€Å"Wait a minute,† he said in almost a croak. â€Å"When—— whenyou say ‘sleep'-she's going to look†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Dead,† Poppy supplied, when his voice ran out. James gave Phil a cold look. â€Å"Yes. We've beenover this.† â€Å"And then-we're really going to-what's going tohappento her?† James glared. â€Å"It's okay,† Poppy said softly. â€Å"Tell him.† â€Å"You know what's going to happen,† James saidthrough clenched teeth to Phillip. â€Å"She can't just dis appear. We'd have the policeandthe Night peo pleafter us, looking for her. No, it's got to seem that shedied from the cancer, and that means everything's got to happen exactly the way it would if she haddied. Phil's sick expression said he wasn't at his mostrational. â€Å"You're sure there isn't any other way?† â€Å"No,†James said. Phil wet his lips. â€Å"Oh, God.† Poppy herself didn't want to dwell on it too much.She said fiercely,†Dealwith it, Phil. You've got to. And remember, if it doesn't happen now it's goingto happen in a few weeks-for real.† Phil was holding on to one of the brass bedpostsso hard that his knuckles were pale. But he'd gottenthe point, and there was no one better than Phil atbracing himself. â€Å"You're right,† he saidthinly, with the ghost of his old efficient manner. â€Å"Okay, I'm dealing with it.† ‘Then let's get started,† Poppy said, making hervoice calm and steady. As if she were dealing witheverything effortlessly herself. James said to Phil, â€Å"You don't want to see thispart. Go out and watch TV for a few minutes.† Phil hesitated, then nodded and left. â€Å"One thing,† Poppy said to James as she scootedto the middle_ of the bed. She was still trying desperately to sound casual. â€Å"After the funeral-well, I'll be asleep, won't I? I won't wake up †¦ you know.In my nice little coffin.† She looked up at him. â€Å"It's just that I'm claustrophobic, a little.† â€Å"You won't wake up there,† James said. â€Å"Poppy,I wouldn't let that happen to you. Trust me; I've thought of everything.† Poppy nodded. I do trust you, she thought. Then she held her arms out to him. He touched her neck, so she tilted her chin back.As the blood was drawn from her, she felt her mind drawn into his. Don't worry, Poppy. Don't be afraid. Allhis thoughtswere ferociously protective. And even though it onlyconfirmed that there was something to be afraidof,that this could go wrong, Poppy felt peaceful. Thedirect sense of his love made her calm, flooded her with light. She suddenly felt distance and height and depthspaciousness. As if her horizons had expanded almostto infinity in an instant. As if she'd discovered a new dimension.Asif there were no limits or obstacles to what she and James could do together. She felt †¦ free. I'm getting light-headed, she realized. She couldfeel herself going limp in James's arms. Swooninglike a wilting flower. I'vetaken enough,James said in her mind.Thewarmanimalmouth on her throat pulled back.†Now it's your turn.† This time, though, he didn't make the cut at hiswrist. He took off his T-shirt and, with a quick, impulsive gesture, ran a fingernail along the base of his throat. Oh, Poppy thought. Slowly, almost reverently, she leaned forward. James's hand supported the back ofher head. Poppy put her arms around him, feelinghis bare skin under the flannel of her nightgown. It was better this way. But if James was right, itwas another last time. She and James could neverexchange blood again. I can't accept that, Poppythought, but she couldn'tconcentrate on anything for very long. This time, instead of clearing her brain, the wild, intoxicatingvampire blood was making her more confused. Moreheavy and sleepy. James? It's all right. It's the beginning of the change. Heavy†¦sleepy†¦warm. Lapped in salty oceanwaves. She could almost picture the vampire bloodtrickling through her veins, conquering everything inits path. It was ancient blood, primeval. It was changing her into something old, something that had been around since the dawn of time. Something primitive and basic. Every molecule in her body, changing†¦ Poppy, can you hear me?James was shaking herslightly. Poppy had been so engrossed in the sensations that she hadn't even realized she wasn't drinking any longer. James was cradling her. â€Å"Poppy.† It was an effort to open her eyes. â€Å"I'm all right. Just†¦ sleepy.† His arms tightened around her, then he laid hergently on the mounded pillows. â€Å"You can rest now. I'll get Phil.† But before he went, he kissed her on the forehead. My first kiss, Poppy thought, her eyes drifting shutagain. And I'm comatose. Great. She felt the bed give under weight and looked upto see Phil. Phil looked very nervous, sitting gingerly,staring at Poppy. â€Å"So what's happening now?† heasked. â€Å"The vampire blood's taking over,† James said. Poppy said, â€Å"I'm really sleepy.† There was no pain. Just a feeling of wanting toglide away. Her body now felt warm and numb, asif she were insulated by a soft, thick aura. â€Å"Phil? I forgot to say-thank you. For helping out.And everything. You're a good brother, Phil.† â€Å"You don't have to say that now,† Phil said tersely. â€Å"You can say it later. I'm still going to be here later,you know.† But I might not be, Poppy thought. This is all a gamble. And I'd never take it, except that the only alternative was to give up without even trying to fight. I fought, didn't I? At least I fought. â€Å"Yes, you did,† Phil said, his voice trembling.Poppy hadn't been aware she was speaking aloud.†You've always been a fighter,† Phil said. â€Å"I'velearned so much from you.† Which was funny, because she'd learned so muchfrom him,even if most of it was in the last twenty four hours. She wanted to tell him that, but therewas so much to say, and she was so tired. Her tongue felt thick; her whole body weak and languorous. â€Å"Just†¦hold my hand,† she said, and she couldhear that her voice was no louder than a breath.Phillip took one of her hands and James the other. That was good. This was the way to do it, withEeyore and her lion on the pillows beside her andPhil and James holding her hands, keeping her safe and anchored. One of the candles was scented with vanilla, awarm and homey smell. A smell that reminded herof being a kid. Nilla wafers and naptime. That waswhat this was like. Just a nap in Miss Spurgeon's kindergarten, with the sun slanting across the floorand James on a mat beside her. So safe, so serene†¦ â€Å"Oh, Poppy,† Phil whispered. James said, â€Å"You're doing great, kiddo. Everything's just right.† That was what Poppy needed to hear. She let herself fall backward into the music, and it waslike falling in a dream, without fear. It was like being a raindrop falling into the ocean that had started you. At the last moment she thought, I'm not ready. But she already knew the answer to that. Nobodywas ever ready. But she'd been stupid-she'd forgotten the mostimportant thing. She'd never told James she lovedhim. Not even when he'd said he loved her. She tried to get enough air, enough strength to sayit. But it was too late. The outside world was goneand she couldn't feel her body any longer. She was floating in the darkness and the music, and all she could do now was sleep. â€Å"Sleep,† James said, leaning dose to Poppy. â€Å"Don'twake up until I call you. Just sleep.† Every muscle in Phil's body was rigid. Poppylooked so peaceful-pale, with her hair spread out incoppery curls on the pillow, and her eyelashes blackon her cheeks and her lips parted as she breathedgently. She looked like a porcelain baby doll. But the more peaceful she got, the more terrified Phil felt. I can deal with this, he told himself.I haveto. Poppy gave a soft exhalation, and then suddenlyshe was moving. Her chest heaved once, twice. Herhand tightened on Phil's and her eyes flew openbut she didn't seem to be seeing anything. She simply looked astonished. â€Å"Poppyl† Phil grabbed at her, getting a handful offlannel nightgown. She was so small and fragile in side it. â€Å"Poppyl† The heaving gasps stopped. For one moment Poppywas suspended in air, then her eyes closed and shefell back on the pillows. Her hand was limp in Phil's. Phil lost all rationality. â€Å"Poppy,† he said, hearing the dangerous, unbalanced tone in his own voice. â€Å"Poppy, come on.Poppy, wake up!†-on a rising note. His hands were shaking violently, scrabbling at Poppy's shoulders. Other hands pushed his away. â€Å"What the hell areyou doing?† James said quietly. â€Å"Poppy? Poppy?† Phil kept staring at her. Herchest wasn't moving. Her face had a look of-innocent release. The kind of newness you only see inbabies. And it was-changing. Taking on a white, transparent look. It was uncanny, ghostlike, and even though Phil had never seen a corpse, he knew instinctively that this was the death pallor. Poppy's essence had left her. Her body was flat andtoneless, no longer inflated by the vital spirit. Herhand in Phil's was slack, not like the hand of a sleeping person. Her skin had lost its shine, as if somebodyhad breathed on it softly. Phil threw back his head and let out an animalsound. It wasn't human. It was a howl. â€Å"You killed her!† He tumbled off the bed andlurched toward James. â€Å"You said she was just goingto sleep, but you killed herl She's dead!† James didn't back away from the attack. Instead,he grabbed Phil and dragged him out intothe hallway. â€Å"Hearing is the last sense to go,† he snarled inPhillip's ear. â€Å"She may be able tohear you.† Phil wrenched free and ran toward the living room. He didn't know what he was doing, he only knew that he needed to destroy things. Poppy wasdead. She was gone. He grabbed the couch andflipped it over, then kicked the coffee table over, too. He snatched up a lamp, yanked its cord out of thesocket, and threw it toward the fireplace. â€Å"Stop it!† James shouted over the crash. Phil sawhim and ran at him. The sheer force of his charge knocked James backward into the wall. They fell tothe floor together in a heap. â€Å"You-killed her!† Phil gasped, trying to get hishands around James's throat. Silver.James's eyes blazed like the molten metal.He grabbed Phil's wrists in a painful grip. â€Å"Stop itnow,Phillip,† he hissed. Something about the way he said it made Phil stop.Almost sobbing, he struggled to get air into his lungs. â€Å"I'll killyouif I have to, to keep Poppy safe,† James said, his voice still savage and menacing. â€Å"And she'sonly safe if you stop this and do exactly what I tell youto.Exactlywhat I tell you. Understand?† He shook Philhard, nearly banging Phil's head into the wall. Strangely enough, it was the right thing to say.James was saying he cared about Poppy. And weird as it might sound, Phil had come to trust James to tell the truth. The raging red insanity in Phil's brain died away. He took a long breath. â€Å"Okay. I understand,† he said hoarsely. He was used to being in charge-both of himself and of otherpeople. He didn't like James giving him orders. Butin this case there was no help for it. â€Å"But-she isdead, isn't she?† â€Å"It depends on your definition,† James said, lettinggo and slowly pushing himself off the floor. Hescanned the living room, his mouth grim. â€Å"Nothingwent wrong, Phil. Everything went just the way itwas supposed to-except for this. I was going to letyour parents come back and find her, but we don'thave that option now. There isn't any way to explain this mess, except the.truth.† â€Å"The truth being?† â€Å"That you went in there and found her dead andwent berserk. And then I called your parents-you know what restaurant they're at, don't you?† â€Å"It's Valentino's. My mom said they were lucky toget in.† â€Å"Okay. That'll work. But first we have to clean upthe bedroom. Get all the candles and stuff out. It'sgot to look as if she just went to sleep, like anyother night.† Phil glanced at the sliding glass door. It was justgetting dark. But then Poppy had been sleeping a lotthese last few days. â€Å"We'll say she got tired and toldus to go watch TV,† he said slowly, trying to conquer his dazed feeling and be clearheaded. â€Å"And then Iwent in after a while and checked on her.† â€Å"Right,† James said, with a faint smile that didn'treach his eyes. It didn't take long to clear out the bedroom. Thehardest thing was that Phil had to keep looking atPoppy, and every time he looked, his heart lurched.She looked so tiny, so delicate-limbed. A Christmas angel in June. He hated to take the stuffed animals away fromher. â€Å"She is going to wake up, isn't she?† he said, without looking at James. â€Å"God, I hope so,† James said, and his voice wasvery tired. It sounded more like a prayer than a wish.†If she doesn't you won't have to come after me witha stake, Phil. I'll take care of it myself.† Phil was shocked-and angry. â€Å"Don't be stupid,†he said brutally. â€Å"If Poppy stood for anything-if she standsfor anything-it's for life. Throwing your life away would be like a slap in her face. Besides, evenif it goes wrong now, you did your best. Blaming yourself is just stupid.† James looked at him blankly, and Phil realizedthey'd managed to surprise each other. Then Jamesnodded slowly. â€Å"Thanks.† It was a milestone, the first time they'd ever beenon precisely the same wavelength. Phillip felt an oddconnection between them. He looked away and said briskly, â€Å"Is it time to callthe restaurant?† James glanced at his watch. â€Å"In just a fewminutes.† â€Å"If we wait too long they're going to have left bythe time we call.† â€Å"That doesn'tmatter.What matters is that we don't have any paramedics trying to resuscitate her, or taking her to the hospital. Which means she's gotto be cold by the time anybody gets here.† Phil felt a wave of dizzy horror. â€Å"You're a coldblooded snake after all.† â€Å"I'm just practical,† James said wearily, as if speaking to a child. He touched one of Poppy's marblewhite hands where it lay on the bedspread. â€Å"Allright. It's time. I'm going to call. You can go berserkagain if you want to.† Phil shook his head. He didn't have the energyanymore. But he did feel like crying, which was al most as good. Crying and crying like a kid who was lost and hurt. â€Å"Get my mom,† he said thickly. He knelt on the floor beside Poppy's bed andwaited. Poppy's music was off and he could hear theTV in the family room. He had no sense of time passing until he also heard a car in the driveway. Then he leaned his forehead against Poppy's mattress. His tears were absolutely genuine. At that moment he was sure he'd lost her forever. â€Å"Brace yourself,† James said from behind him.†They're here.†

Serial Killers: Biology or Upbringing

As people in today's society, we are constantly being bombarded with the crazy actions that mankind is capable of. We watch the news and hear about murders, or even read a book about a mysterious killer. As we go through these pieces of reality, one can't help but be struck by the thought–what causes a person to act so violently? There have been many studies done to try and find an answer. For a crime such as serial killing, there are two thoughts. The first idea is that serial killing is caused by an abnormality in the frontal lobe of the brain. The other is that serial killers are bred by circumstance which means they have certain genes that make them prone to becoming a killer. With some analysis, the evidence for both theories can serve to prove that serial killers are genetically different. Serial killers have been named many different names over the years by experts. â€Å"In the 19th century, psychopathology was considered to be ‘moral insanity’† (Scott, par. 2). Moral insanity is when ones emotions are damaged, causing them to be carried away by furious instinct. That shows why experts would consider calling serial killers morally insane. Current experts call serial killers a biological disaster† (Scott, par. 2). This means they are born into this world already marked as a disaster. A former psychologist says there are two types, â€Å"They are known as ‘Antisocial personality disorder’ or ‘Social pathology’† (Scott, par. 2). Antisocial personality disorder killers usually do not interact with people which can be their reason for becoming a killer. Social pathology killers are disorganized in the world which makes them uneasy and more tempted to becoming a serial killer. These names can simply describe every type of serial killer in the world. The most serial killings have occurred in California. According to Michael Stone who has a Ph. D. in psychology, â€Å"California leads in the US with the most Serial Homicide cases that have occurred† (Stone 293). Another true statement that Michael has stated is, â€Å"The USA has 76% of the world’s serial killers† (Stone 293). This is showing that if the USA has 76% of the world’s serial killers, than California has more than half. This is an important thing that Michael Stone has found out. Getting to the bottom of why these serial killers kill can help solve the massive amounts of serial killing not only in California, but in the United States as well. It has been said that, â€Å"Europe in second, has 17%. England has produced 28% of the European total of serial killings† (Stone 293). Not only is the Untied States being threatened by massive amounts of Serial Homicides, but so is Europe. Looking at these numbers and percentages can be frightening that’s why understanding serial killers can possibly get rid of this problem. Most of the serial killers in the Untied States are males. Michael Stone has also came to find this out, â€Å"Less than 1% of female population are psychopaths and between 3-5% of men are psychopaths† (Scott, par. 3). Men are more likely to have an antisocial personality disorder or social pathology disorder. Men are genuinely stronger than women which can be another reason why there are more men serial killers than women. â€Å"†¦massive amounts of the frontal lobotomy’s done in the 40’s and 50’s, has been shown to factor into about 64% of male murders housed on death row right now in the United States† (â€Å"A Look Inside Serial Killers,† par. ). Frontal lobotomy was a form of psychosurgery to check the brain for abnormalities. So due to the abnormal frontal lobe section of the brain, males have struck out in violence and the United States is leading 64% on death row. Thus, another frightening situation that should be stopped. â€Å"Most serial killers are males under 50† (Scott, par. 8). This is probably because with age, the brain begins to mature. Also, people over 50 are getting old and don’t have the stamina or ability to kill anymore. The way serial killers feel can be the cause of why they become a serial killer. Phychophysiologist Adrian Raine, Ph. D. has stated, â€Å"A lack of remorse is the hallmark of the psychopath† (Stone 320). Having no care in the world about what they do is the main cause of serial killers. They feel nothing for the people they kill nor will they ever feel something. Serial killers show no emotion for the wrong they do. â€Å"They feel less fear and anxiety than normal people† (Scott, par. 5). Thus, the reason why they kill. Having less anxiety than a normal person means if and when they kill, they will not be scared of their consequences. Also stated by Adrian Raine, â€Å"‘Callous unemotional’ children seem in many instances to be the psychopaths of the future† (Stone 319). Children that show no emotion are known as Callous unemotional. This is a way of determining a psychopathic trait in children. Showing little or no emotion is a huge trait in serial killers. Serial killers are caused by biology rather than upbringing. â€Å"If you’re antisocial but come from a good home, the reasons for violent behavior may have more to do with biology than the upbringing† (Raine, par. 2). Meaning a good home can mean nothing if that person already prone to becoming a serial killer. Also means serial killing can be passed down the family tree. â€Å"Dysfunctional brain—not dysfunctional families—explains murders, especially when the murderer comes from a ‘good’ home† (Raine, par. 1). Something in these murderer’s brains triggers them to kill, not their environment. It’s obvious if they come from a good home/environment that it has to do with a dysfunctional brain. â€Å"Some people have biological systems that make it hard. If an individual has a right orbital cortex that is not functioning well, they’re biologically disadvantaged in developing a conscience† (Raine, par. 5). People with no conscience feel no remorse for the bad things they do, which is a trait of a serial killer. So in conclusion dysfunctional brains are the majority of the reason why serial killers kill. Genetics contribute to the building of a serial killer. A Genetic scientist once said, â€Å"On a Genetic level some people are more prone to becoming a serial killer† (â€Å"A Look inside Serial Killers,† par. 3). Just like any gene the serial killer gene can be brought down and passed around the family tree. That same Genetic scientist also said, â€Å"The biological relatives of psychopaths were 4-5 times more likely to be psychopathic than the average person† (Scott, par. 7). Meaning if a person’s family member is a serial killer, that person is more likely and at a huge disadvantage of becoming a serial killer. According to Adrian Raine, â€Å"†¦we may even encounter a child with such genetic disadvantage, that his aggression cannot be curbed even by the most tender and devoted parents† (Stone 320). This kid has too many bad genes to even try and help him not become violent or even a serial killer. This shows that not even the best therapy can help change a serial killer because it’s all in their genes. A certain gene can cause a person such as a serial killer to become violent to the point where they murder. â€Å"A gene called Monoamine Oxidase-A also known as the violent gene, is something found in almost all serial killers†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"A Look Inside Serial Killers,† par. 4). This shows that this gene is very dangerous and the cause of almost all serial killers. This should be widely viewed by doctors and scientists to help the growing problem of this Monoamine Oxidase-A gene. Mothers pass down the dysfunction in the form of the MAOA gene to their sons† (â€Å"A Look inside Serial Killers,† par. 4). There are more male serial killers than females because of this dysfunctional gene passed down by mothers. So as Adrian Raine has discovered, â€Å"Damage to the frontal lobe with the dysfunction of the MAOA gene, we can certainly conclude that they are genetically pre-disposed for violence† (â€Å"A Look inside Serial Killers,† par. 5). Dysfunctional brains and dysfunctional genes are the leading reasons of why serial killers kill. Certain brain activity can cause a person to become violent. Research has found an increased propensity for aggressive behavior among individuals with lower function in areas of the brain (Raine, par. 21). This means people with aggressive behavior have lower brain functions in certain parts of the brain. Researchers have also found that, â€Å"†¦more impulsive killers showed lower prefrontal functioning and heightened sub cortical function† (Stone 319). The killers that kill on impulse have uneven functions in the brain which causes them to kill. They have high functions in some parts and low functions in the other parts. Adrian Raine says, â€Å"The need for higher levels of stimulation makes the psychopath seek dangerous situation† (Scott, par. 6). The result for higher levels of stimulation results in killing. Less activity in the brain is another reason why serial killers kill. â€Å"Killers who came from a good background averaged 5. 7% less activity in the medial prefrontal cortex† (Raine, par. 10). Less activity in the prefrontal cortex leads to violence. â€Å"Murderers from good backgrounds are more likely to have reduced activity in two key brain areas than murderers from bad backgrounds† (Raine, par. 3). A murderer with reduced activity means more violence, because they are constantly seeking danger. â€Å"When the kids come from a good home, a biological deficit may be to blame† (Raine, par. 11). Meaning genes that are passed down are to blame when a serial killer came from a good home. Serial killers have lower brain functions that make them kill. Founded by Adrian Raine, â€Å"The first evidence for structural changes in the brain of antisocial men explained the low arousal in these men, along with their inadequate response to fear, their lack of conscience, and their poor decision-making skills† (Stone 319). Antisocial men have three structural changes in their brain. These men are more likely to get caught because of their poor decision-making skills. The predatory killers were more able to plot and scheme successfully, lowering their risk of getting caught (Stone 319). These killers are a lot smarter than the antisocial men and often don’t get caught. People with lower prefrontal functioning, their ability to monitor and inhabit violent ambitions was weaker (Stone 319). Meaning the lower the prefrontal functioning is in the brain, makes killers want to kill without the slightest chance of stopping and realizing that it’s wrong. Damage to the prefrontal brain is the most common amongst all serial killers. Prefrontal cortex is involved in long-term planning as well as judgment; the statistics show that approximately 70% of brain-injured patients develop aggressive tendencies (Packard, par. 1). Damage to the prefrontal cortex affects judgment and judgment is always affected in a serial killers brain. They don’t know right from wrong, which has to do with their judgment skills. The prefrontal cortex is a far deeper area of the brain that gives rise to aggressive behavior (Raine, par. 12). So damage to this area can result in the worst aggressive behavior such as serial killing. â€Å"50-58% of psychopaths show abnormal brain wave patterns† (Scott, par. 8). This shows that more than half of the serial killers in the world have abnormal brain waves. Another part of the brain if damaged may make you violent is the frontal lobe. A former psychologist said, â€Å"The frontal lobe acts as the conscience† (â€Å"A Look inside Serial Killers,† par. 3). Without a conscience people act out in violent behavior because they have nothing in their brain to tell them it’s wrong. Thus, they become cold blooded killers. According to Michael Stone, â€Å"†¦children with psychopathic traits showed abnormal responses in the frontal lobe cortex†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Stone 320). This shows that even in children their brains can be abnormal and lead to serial killings later in life. â€Å"In humans, the frontal lobe of the brain is responsible for much of the behavior that allows humans to live together in stable social relationships. It is what stops most human beings from acting on their inherent violent tendencies† (â€Å"Brain Injuries,† par. 3). So damage to the frontal lobe makes it hard for that person to commit to a stable social relationship and may act very violently. In conclusion, serial killers are biologically different then regular people. They have lower brain functions and are genetically prone to becoming a serial killer. They tend to act upon violent actions due to their abnormal brain waves in their frontal lobe and prefrontal cortex. As everyone can see from this research, serial killers kill not because of their upbringing, but because of biology. This is why they are known by many experts as biological disasters. Works Cited https://hubpages.com/politics/Brain-Injury-in-Serial-Killers https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1998/04/980410101830.htm

buy custom Delta Air Lines essay

buy custom Delta Air Lines essay Flash Flash is a cross-platform medium and is compatible and well-supported by about 95-98% of web-browsers in the marketso if Delta incorporates Flash on its website, it will be assured the content will be viewed correctly by an user whose browser has the Flash plugin, but independent on operating system and browser. This intriguing technological medium will add interactivity and flashy graphics to Deltas website. For instance, Delta can use it to make fascinating 2D animations, which are also easy to view. Delta can use Flash to present information in a way plain written words alone cannot do, bearing in mind that video works well in Flash applications on the browser regardless the OS software such as Media Player. Flash interface has replaced the traditional non-static elements on webpage with ones that lively interact with users. Flash on Delta Air Lines can make the interface more absorbing and indulgingwhen used in making booking forms and cost calculators, which is logically a good marketing tool that is likely to enhance sales. Audio With the help of high speed internet, audio has turned a geat marketing tool that eventually increases sales. With audio on Delta website, visitors will the experience of a blend of visual and interactivity (such as the one offered by Flash), hence creating a memorable website. Most people can play streaming audio, meaning audio on websites is not a complicated medium. Visitors will find it a stimulating change to listen to a voice of all the text they read. By incorporating audio, Delta will make its site unique and memorable, hence attractive and with chances of increasing sales. People are more likely to recall what they listen to than what they read. Recent researches established that just 20% of individuals recall what they read compared 70% remember what they hear. By incorporating audio Delta will be allowing itself thrice more of a stick factor to its site visitors. Luckily, with audio, there are no limits to what Delta can let its site visitors listen to. For instance, Delta could showcase its customers inspiring feedback and testimonials, a practice that has a lot of potential in increasing sales. Video Delta can also consider using Videovideos are one of the best methods for passing aalong messages to audiences. In fact, it is much easier to take in visual images than read texts. In most of the times, the visual impact generated by videos can be used in a creative manner to stretch out and bewitch the mental imagery of a diverse audience. Video is the best choice for simple and convincing communications. People get an emotional connection more enthusiastically with sound and moving images in videos than other media. Indeed, the audience can feel closer to reality through video. Owing to its nature, video medium can be very versatile in style and tone used to express various messages. A particular video in itself can be great, with iconic graphics cut to enthralling music to set the tone of a product. Delta can also use video insert contemporary documentaries on its website to showcase its practice or initiative. A good video has to be accompanied with the right support material, which will make it among the most effective means of reaching out to a global audience across the clock. However, any associated mistake can make a good video a blunder, such as a poor video player or poor resolution. Nevertheless, videos have the potential to increase sales for Delta based on all the discussed features. Buy custom Delta Air Lines essay

Into the Breach!

Into the Breach! Into the Breach! Into the Breach! By Maeve Maddox A reader experienced a moment of doubt when he came across an online essay ending with this line: So, no cry of victory yet. Rather, â€Å"Once more unto the breach, dear friends!† I forget.  Is it supposed to be breach, as in the gap in a broken wall, or breech, as in the part of the gun where you load the projectile, unless the gun is loaded down the muzzle, of course. I guess King Harrys famous speech isnt as famous as it used to be. To the reader who knows his Henry V, the second line answers the question: Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more; Or close the wall up with our English dead. Act Three begins with Henry and his troops surging onto the stage. The men, carrying scaling ladders, are exhausted. Henry is encouraging them to make another assault on the walls of Harfleur. The â€Å"breach† is a gap in the city wall. Where Shakespeare says â€Å"unto,† we now say â€Å"into.† The two words, breach and breech, both derive from a word meaning break. The English word breeches meaning trousers derives from the plural of broc, garment for the legs and trunk. From this plural comes the word breech meaning the part of the body covered by breeches. By extension the word came to be used in other contexts. A breech birth for example, is one in which the child emerges rear-end first. (Or in some manner other than headfirst.) In gunnery the breech is 1. the hindermost part of a piece of ordnance. 2. the part of a cannon behind the bore 3. the corresponding part in a musket or rifle Breech-loading cannon were used during the Hundred Years War. One of Joan of Arcs military skills was the ability to judge their range. The breech-loading rifle came along in the nineteenth century. You can read King Henrys entire rousing speech here. Sad P.S. As an afterthought I did a search to see if anyone was writing into the breech. Oh dear. Its all over the place. Theres even a band that calls itself that. As the professor in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe asks himself frequently, What do they teach in schools these days? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Royal Order of Adjectives On Behalf Of vs. In Behalf OfConversational Email

Human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human resource management - Essay Example The Humphrey Group not only would not be irresponsible bringing an HR representative into their corporate responsibility and bonus scandal meeting, they would in fact be irresponsible not to. In fact, it seems to be absurd to say that the solution is anything but a human resources issue. Human resources determine how wages and bonuses are controlled, given and filed; they control the hiring, firing and promotion of employees. Bonus scandals and compensation ethics begin at human resources giving bad offers to bad people after not weeding out the dishonest and end with paying those bonuses to those bad people. When a corporation makes a bad decision, one always has to ask, â€Å"Why were there bad apples in that barrel?† Picking the apples and replacing the rotten ones is the job of HR. Further, given that most companies do not end up violating the law in such an egregious manner, it's clear that illegality is the province only of a few corporate cultures and therefore a few pe ople. How is this anything but an HR problem? Well, superficially, the paying of bonuses and the detection of fraud thereof do fall under the purview of accounts payable, auditing, accounting and payroll, which are relevant non-HR departments. More importantly, it is true, although misleadingly so and far less crucially so than many think, that a company is more than the sum of its parts. Ultimately, a corporation is just twenty or a hundred or a thousand people, but there are three factors that make it more than just an aggregation of those people in a random setting such as a park: 1. Past organisational culture, especially for long-lasting companies 2. Institutional roles changing people's behavior (Zimbardo, 2006) 3. Shared goals and objectives created by legal responsibilities; bureaucratic and institutional coordination A company like General Electric or even Microsoft has had far more people in it throughout its history than it does now. People are fired, replaced, quit, demo ted, hired, promoted, forced into resignation, and retire. Every person who works at a company makes a mark on its institutional culture, which means that looking at a corporation at any given moment is misleading because the institutional culture goes farther back in the past. But at the same time, it is people who choose to ignore, defy or abide by that institutional culture. Aside from that, it is clear that people in certain bad circumstances don't do those things out of them being sheer evil. The torturers at Abu Ghraib were not torturing people for fun back in the States; corporate leaders and hucksters like Ken Lay and Madoff do not mug old ladies. People in an institutional setting, as Zimbardo discovered in his famous Stanford prison experiment, begin to adopt the behavior of their roles (Zimbardo, 2006). Even if it is a pretend prison, the pretend prisoners, pretend guards and pretend warden (who are students and a psychology professor in their day-to-day lives) act like p risoners, guards and wardens for real. The Zimbardo experiment had normal, well-adjusted students of a variety of backgrounds, yet all of them began to fall into their roles startlingly quickly. Yet, again, human resources can